2 Samuel 10:4

Authorized King James Version

Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקַּ֨ח
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
חָנ֜וּן
Wherefore Hanun
chanun, the name of an ammonite and of two israelites
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
עַבְדֵ֣י
servants
a servant
#5
דָוִ֗ד
David's
david, the youngest son of jesse
#6
וַיְגַלַּח֙
and shaved off
properly, to be bald, i.e., (causatively) to shave; figuratively to lay waste
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
בַּחֵ֖צִי
in the middle
the half or middle
#9
זְקָנָ֔ם
of their beards
the beard (as indicating age)
#10
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת
and cut off
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם
their garments
properly, extent, i.e., measure; by implication, a dress (as measured)
#13
בַּחֵ֖צִי
in the middle
the half or middle
#14
עַ֣ד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#15
שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם
even to their buttocks
the seat (of the person)
#16
וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃
and sent them away
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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